Supervisor与pm2都是常用的进程管理工具，通常用于守护用户进程，实现开机自启、崩溃自启等目的。话不多说，直接上命令。
PM2
#安装pm2（依赖nodejs）
sudo apt install -y nodejs
sudo apt install -y npm
sudo npm install pm2 -g安装完成，可以使用如下命令快捷启动待监测程序。
pm2 start "python3.6 demo.py" --name demo如果你需要一些定制化的需求，pm2也提供了通过配置文件启动的方式
{
"apps": [
{
/* General */
"name": "my-api", /* (string) application name (default to script filename without extension) */
"script": "index.js", /* (string) script path relative to pm2 start */
"cwd": "/var/www/", /* (string) the directory from which your app will be launched */
"args": "-a 13 -b 12", /* (string) string containing all arguments passed via CLI to script */
"interpreter": "/usr/bin/python", /* (string) interpreter absolute path (default to node) */
"interpreter_args": "--harmony", /* (string) option to pass to the interpreter */
//"node_args": "", /* (string) alias to interpreter_args */
"exec_interpreter": "node",
/* Advanced features */
"instances": 1, /* number of app instance to be launched */
"exec_mode": "fork", /* (string) mode to start your app, can be “cluster” or “fork”, default fork */
"watch": true, /* (boolean or []) enable watch & restart feature, if a file change in the folder or subfolder, your app will get reloaded */
"ignore_watch": [], /* (list) list of regex to ignore some file or folder names by the watch feature */
"max_memory_restart": "150M", /* (string) your app will be restarted if it exceeds the amount of memory specified. human-friendly format : it can be “10M”, “100K”, “2G” and so on… */
"env": {"NODE_ENV": "development", "ID": 42}, /* (object) env variables which will appear in your app */
"env_production": {"NODE_ENV": "production", "ID": 89}, /* (object) inject when doing pm2 restart ecosystem.json --env */
"source_map_support": true, /* (boolean) default to true, [enable/disable source map file] */
"instance_var": "NODE_APP_INSTANCE", /* (string) see documentation http://pm2.keymetrics.io/docs/usage/environment/#specific-environment-variables */
"treekill": true, /* (bool) default to true Kill children process */
/* Log files */
"log_date_format": "YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm Z", /* (string) log date format */
//"error_file": "", /* (string) error file path (default to $HOME/.pm2/logs/XXXerr.log) */
//"out_file": "", /* (string) output file path (default to $HOME/.pm2/logs/XXXout.log) */
"combine_logs": true, /* (boolean) if set to true, avoid to suffix logs file with the process id */
//"merge_logs": "", /* (boolean) alias to combine_logs*/
//"pid_file": "", /* (string) pid file path (default to $HOME/.pm2/pid/app-pm_id.pid) */
"log_type": "json", /* none documented function */
/* Control flow */
"min_uptime": 5000, /* (string) min uptime of the app to be considered started */
"listen_timeout": 100000, /* (number) time in ms before forcing a reload if app not listening */
"kill_timeout": 5000, /* (number) time in milliseconds before sending a final SIGKILL */
"wait_ready": false, /* (boolean) Instead of reload waiting for listen event, wait for process.send(‘ready’) */
"max_restarts": 5, /* number of consecutive unstable restarts (less than 1sec interval or custom time via min_uptime) before your app is considered errored and stop being restarted */
"restart_delay":4000, /* (number) time to wait before restarting a crashed app (in milliseconds). defaults to 0. */
"autorestart": true, /* (boolean) true by default. if false, PM2 will not restart your app if it crashes or ends peacefully */
"cron_restart": "1 0 * * *", /* (string) a cron pattern to restart your app. Application must be running for cron feature to work */
"vizion": false, /* (boolean) true by default. if false, PM2 will start without vizion features (versioning control metadatas) */
"post_update": ["npm install", "echo launching the app"], /* (list) a list of commands which will be executed after you perform a Pull/Upgrade operation from Keymetrics dashboard */
"force": false /* (boolean) defaults to false. if true, you can start the same script several times which is usually not allowed by PM2 */
}
]
}#启动
pm2 start ecosystem.json程序启动之后，可以用pm2相关指令查看或管理，这里就不赘述了。
Supervisor
#安装pm2（依赖python）
sudo apt install supervisor
#或者
sudo python3 -m pip install supervisor安装完成后，系统会自动生成/etc/supervisor目录，我们需要将配置文件放在conf.d文件夹下。下面是官网提供的配置文件模板。
Sample supervisor config file.
;
; For more information on the config file, please see:
; http://supervisord.org/configuration.html
;
; Notes:
; - Shell expansion ("~" or "$HOME") is not supported. Environment
; variables can be expanded using this syntax: "%(ENV_HOME)s".
; - Quotes around values are not supported, except in the case of
; the environment= options as shown below.
; - Comments must have a leading space: "a=b ;comment" not "a=b;comment".
; - Command will be truncated if it looks like a config file comment, e.g.
; "command=bash -c 'foo ; bar'" will truncate to "command=bash -c 'foo ".
;
; Warning:
; Paths throughout this example file use /tmp because it is available on most
; systems. You will likely need to change these to locations more appropriate
; for your system. Some systems periodically delete older files in /tmp.
; Notably, if the socket file defined in the [unix_http_server] section below
; is deleted, supervisorctl will be unable to connect to supervisord.
[unix_http_server]
file=/tmp/supervisor.sock ; the path to the socket file
;chmod=0700 ; socket file mode (default 0700)
;chown=nobody:nogroup ; socket file uid:gid owner
;username=user ; default is no username (open server)
;password=123 ; default is no password (open server)
; Security Warning:
; The inet HTTP server is not enabled by default. The inet HTTP server is
; enabled by uncommenting the [inet_http_server] section below. The inet
; HTTP server is intended for use within a trusted environment only. It
; should only be bound to localhost or only accessible from within an
; isolated, trusted network. The inet HTTP server does not support any
; form of encryption. The inet HTTP server does not use authentication
; by default (see the username= and password= options to add authentication).
; Never expose the inet HTTP server to the public internet.
;[inet_http_server] ; inet (TCP) server disabled by default
;port=127.0.0.1:9001 ; ip_address:port specifier, *:port for all iface
;username=user ; default is no username (open server)
;password=123 ; default is no password (open server)
[supervisord]
logfile=/tmp/supervisord.log ; main log file; default $CWD/supervisord.log
logfile_maxbytes=50MB ; max main logfile bytes b4 rotation; default 50MB
logfile_backups=10 ; # of main logfile backups; 0 means none, default 10
loglevel=info ; log level; default info; others: debug,warn,trace
pidfile=/tmp/supervisord.pid ; supervisord pidfile; default supervisord.pid
nodaemon=false ; start in foreground if true; default false
silent=false ; no logs to stdout if true; default false
minfds=1024 ; min. avail startup file descriptors; default 1024
minprocs=200 ; min. avail process descriptors;default 200
;umask=022 ; process file creation umask; default 022
;user=supervisord ; setuid to this UNIX account at startup; recommended if root
;identifier=supervisor ; supervisord identifier, default is 'supervisor'
;directory=/tmp ; default is not to cd during start
;nocleanup=true ; don't clean up tempfiles at start; default false
;childlogdir=/tmp ; 'AUTO' child log dir, default $TEMP
;environment=KEY="value" ; key value pairs to add to environment
;strip_ansi=false ; strip ansi escape codes in logs; def. false
; The rpcinterface:supervisor section must remain in the config file for
; RPC (supervisorctl/web interface) to work. Additional interfaces may be
; added by defining them in separate [rpcinterface:x] sections.
[rpcinterface:supervisor]
supervisor.rpcinterface_factory = supervisor.rpcinterface:make_main_rpcinterface
; The supervisorctl section configures how supervisorctl will connect to
; supervisord. configure it match the settings in either the unix_http_server
; or inet_http_server section.
[supervisorctl]
serverurl=unix:///tmp/supervisor.sock ; use a unix:// URL for a unix socket
;serverurl=http://127.0.0.1:9001 ; use an http:// url to specify an inet socket
;username=chris ; should be same as in [*_http_server] if set
;password=123 ; should be same as in [*_http_server] if set
;prompt=mysupervisor ; cmd line prompt (default "supervisor")
;history_file=~/.sc_history ; use readline history if available
; The sample program section below shows all possible program subsection values.
; Create one or more 'real' program: sections to be able to control them under
; supervisor.
;[program:theprogramname]
;command=/bin/cat ; the program (relative uses PATH, can take args)
;process_name=%(program_name)s ; process_name expr (default %(program_name)s)
;numprocs=1 ; number of processes copies to start (def 1)
;directory=/tmp ; directory to cwd to before exec (def no cwd)
;umask=022 ; umask for process (default None)
;priority=999 ; the relative start priority (default 999)
;autostart=true ; start at supervisord start (default: true)
;startsecs=1 ; # of secs prog must stay up to be running (def. 1)
;startretries=3 ; max # of serial start failures when starting (default 3)
;autorestart=unexpected ; when to restart if exited after running (def: unexpected)
;exitcodes=0 ; 'expected' exit codes used with autorestart (default 0)
;stopsignal=QUIT ; signal used to kill process (default TERM)
;stopwaitsecs=10 ; max num secs to wait b4 SIGKILL (default 10)
;stopasgroup=false ; send stop signal to the UNIX process group (default false)
;killasgroup=false ; SIGKILL the UNIX process group (def false)
;user=chrism ; setuid to this UNIX account to run the program
;redirect_stderr=true ; redirect proc stderr to stdout (default false)
;stdout_logfile=/a/path ; stdout log path, NONE for none; default AUTO
;stdout_logfile_maxbytes=1MB ; max # logfile bytes b4 rotation (default 50MB)
;stdout_logfile_backups=10 ; # of stdout logfile backups (0 means none, default 10)
;stdout_capture_maxbytes=1MB ; number of bytes in 'capturemode' (default 0)
;stdout_events_enabled=false ; emit events on stdout writes (default false)
;stdout_syslog=false ; send stdout to syslog with process name (default false)
;stderr_logfile=/a/path ; stderr log path, NONE for none; default AUTO
;stderr_logfile_maxbytes=1MB ; max # logfile bytes b4 rotation (default 50MB)
;stderr_logfile_backups=10 ; # of stderr logfile backups (0 means none, default 10)
;stderr_capture_maxbytes=1MB ; number of bytes in 'capturemode' (default 0)
;stderr_events_enabled=false ; emit events on stderr writes (default false)
;stderr_syslog=false ; send stderr to syslog with process name (default false)
;environment=A="1",B="2" ; process environment additions (def no adds)
;serverurl=AUTO ; override serverurl computation (childutils)
; The sample eventlistener section below shows all possible eventlistener
; subsection values. Create one or more 'real' eventlistener: sections to be
; able to handle event notifications sent by supervisord.
;[eventlistener:theeventlistenername]
;command=/bin/eventlistener ; the program (relative uses PATH, can take args)
;process_name=%(program_name)s ; process_name expr (default %(program_name)s)
;numprocs=1 ; number of processes copies to start (def 1)
;events=EVENT ; event notif. types to subscribe to (req'd)
;buffer_size=10 ; event buffer queue size (default 10)
;directory=/tmp ; directory to cwd to before exec (def no cwd)
;umask=022 ; umask for process (default None)
;priority=-1 ; the relative start priority (default -1)
;autostart=true ; start at supervisord start (default: true)
;startsecs=1 ; # of secs prog must stay up to be running (def. 1)
;startretries=3 ; max # of serial start failures when starting (default 3)
;autorestart=unexpected ; autorestart if exited after running (def: unexpected)
;exitcodes=0 ; 'expected' exit codes used with autorestart (default 0)
;stopsignal=QUIT ; signal used to kill process (default TERM)
;stopwaitsecs=10 ; max num secs to wait b4 SIGKILL (default 10)
;stopasgroup=false ; send stop signal to the UNIX process group (default false)
;killasgroup=false ; SIGKILL the UNIX process group (def false)
;user=chrism ; setuid to this UNIX account to run the program
;redirect_stderr=false ; redirect_stderr=true is not allowed for eventlisteners
;stdout_logfile=/a/path ; stdout log path, NONE for none; default AUTO
;stdout_logfile_maxbytes=1MB ; max # logfile bytes b4 rotation (default 50MB)
;stdout_logfile_backups=10 ; # of stdout logfile backups (0 means none, default 10)
;stdout_events_enabled=false ; emit events on stdout writes (default false)
;stdout_syslog=false ; send stdout to syslog with process name (default false)
;stderr_logfile=/a/path ; stderr log path, NONE for none; default AUTO
;stderr_logfile_maxbytes=1MB ; max # logfile bytes b4 rotation (default 50MB)
;stderr_logfile_backups=10 ; # of stderr logfile backups (0 means none, default 10)
;stderr_events_enabled=false ; emit events on stderr writes (default false)
;stderr_syslog=false ; send stderr to syslog with process name (default false)
;environment=A="1",B="2" ; process environment additions
;serverurl=AUTO ; override serverurl computation (childutils)
; The sample group section below shows all possible group values. Create one
; or more 'real' group: sections to create "heterogeneous" process groups.
;[group:thegroupname]
;programs=progname1,progname2 ; each refers to 'x' in [program:x] definitions
;priority=999 ; the relative start priority (default 999)
; The [include] section can just contain the "files" setting. This
; setting can list multiple files (separated by whitespace or
; newlines). It can also contain wildcards. The filenames are
; interpreted as relative to this file. Included files *cannot*
; include files themselves.
;[include]
;files = relative/directory/*.ini看花眼了？没关系，其实这其中绝大多数配置默认即可，下面是笔者自己写的一个程序配置文件。
*注意：配置文件必须有.conf后缀，否则不会被识别
[program:demo]
process_name=%(program_name)s_%(process_num)02d
directory=/app/demo
command=php artisan queue:work
autostart=true
autorestart=true
stopasgroup=true
killasgroup=true
user=root
numprocs=2
redirect_stderr=true
stdout_logfile=/app/demo/storage/logs/queue.log
stopwaitsecs=3600#接下来加载配置文件即可
supervisor reload
#查看状态
supervisor status
#重启指定程序
supervisor restart demo总结
这两个工具笔者在日常工作中经常使用。从使用体验来看，更喜欢supervisor一些，足够轻量级。要想使用pm2还要装个nodejs，太重了点。但是，有nodejs加持的pm2，在程序状态监控可视化这方面做的是非常优秀的，看用户自己的取舍了。